++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
EVOLUTIONARY-SYSTEMIC PHILOSOPHY = 
  metasystem transition theory =
  complex adaptive systems and alife + ai + cogn science + evolutionary systems + memetics

+evolution = (lowest complexity) elementary particles: atoms: molecules: living cells: 
 multicellular organisms: (plants: animals:) human beings: society: culture:
 human super-being / meta-beings [otazka ci jeden alebo vela, jeho/ich mozgom bude 
 internet, zaobera sa tym Global Brain Group] (highest complexity)
+proces vzniku noveho stepu = Metasystem Transition (MST)
+s komplexnostou rastie aj level of control (ciastocky sa vzdy pri MST spoja do vyssieho 
 celku, ktory taktiez obsahuje mechanizmus, which controls spravanie a produkciu ciastociek)
 (napr ludia su zoskupeni v spolocnosti, ktora prostr takehoto mechanizmu kazdemu z nich 
 prisudzuje urcitu ulohu: matka/otec/dieta, kovac/murar/predavac/vodic..)
   Culture is control of   thought (human thinking); 	
     which is control of   associating (conditional reflex);
     which is control of   complex reflexes; 
     which is control of   simple reflexes (irritability);
     which is control of   movement;
     which is control of   position. 

+world = will + representation (schopenhauer's formula)
+will = quality that allows to choose between the (possible) options and act
  +will is manifested in action
  +action and will are two faces of essentially the same phenomenon - action is its 
   perceivable part
+representation = kind of action; interaction of subject and object of knowledge
 (different subjects may have different representations of the same action)
+perceivable world = action + representation
+action = result of free choice
  +state of world = set of feasible actions for each will
+agent = koho akcia to je
+event = action, ked nepozname/ignorujeme jej agenta (naloz explodovala, lod sa potopila)
+v kybernetike sa abstrahuje from matter, energy, space, even time. What remains is 
 interdependence between actions of various kinds. Communication, control, information -- 
 all these are actions

+statement = generator of predictions
 truth ~ true statement generates only true predictions
+theory = statement that produces infinitely many predictions

+knowledge = existence in a cybernetic system of a model, which allows that system 
 to make predictions (tzn vediet predpovedat operacie a stavy) - thus, the system gets 
 control over its environment
  +a piece of knowledge is an object which we can use to produce (generate) predictions 
   or other pieces of knowledge

+world = broadest environment that is cognitively, practically and emotionally relevant,
 world should be identified with totality in which we live and to which we can relate 
 ourselves in a meaningful way

+inteligencia = schopnost riesit problemy (system je inteligentnejsi ako iny ak za rovnaky
 cas vyriesi viac problemov alebo pre rovnake problemy najde lepsie riesenia)


+++++
MEMETICS = epidemiology + evolutionary science + immunology + linguistics + semiotics

+memetics is the theory of cultural replicators, based on Daniel Dennett's 
 philosophy-of-mind and the sociobiology of Richard Dawkins. Memetics 
 postulates the meme as the fundamental replicating unit in social evolution 
 a process which is treated as technically equivalent to biological (genetic) 
 evolution.
+rather than debate the inherent "truth" or lack of "truth" of an idea, memetics 
 is largely concerned with how that idea gets itself replicated.
 (ako sa distribuuju mentalne reprezentacie ak nie cez vlastny zazitok)

+termin zaviedol zoolog Richard Dawkins vo svojej kontroverznej knihe The 
 Selfish Gene (76)
+vedecky to posunuli dalej Daniel C. Dennett a Douglas Hofstadter (Metamagical 
 Themas, 83) zaciatkom 80s
+neskor academic opposition by Edward O. Wilson (socio-biologist) and Dawkins 
 himself
+Dennett a dalsi vytvorili teoriu odlisnu od povodnej Dawkinsovej

+meme = A contagious information pattern that replicates by parasitically 
 infecting human minds and altering their behavior, causing them to propagate 
 the pattern
+memes in animal world: bird songs, tech for hunting..
+memes in human society: religions, language, fashions, songs, techniques, scientific 
 theories and concepts, conventions, traditions..
+you should be aware, for instance, that you just been exposed to the Meta-meme, 
 the meme about memes.. (=namotat sa na info o info)

IDEOLOGIA=HNUTIE=STYL = memecomplex
+meme-complex = m-plex = scheme = set of mutually-assisting memes which have co-evolved 
 a symbiotic relationship (religious and political dogmas, social movements, artistic 
 styles, traditions and customs, chain letters, paradigms, languages..)
+casto obsahuje co-memes:
  +bait (reward co-meme) - promises to benefit the host (usually in return for replicating 
   the complex) (v krestanstve nebo/spasenie, tiez bezpecnost, prosperita, sloboda)
  +hook - urges replication
  +threat - encourages adherence and discourages mis-replication (v krestanstve peklo) 
  +vaccime (immuno-meme) - confers resistance resistance or immunity to one or more memes, 
   allowing that person to be exposed without acquiring an active infection (faith, 
   loyalty, skepticism, tolerance)
+successful mplex attributes = wide scope (a paradigm that explains much); opportunity 
 for the carriers to participate and contribute; conviction of its self-evident truth 
 (carries Authority); offers order and a sense of place, helping to stave off the dread 
 of meaninglessness

+biologicka evolucia - cez geny
 kultura evolucia    - cez memes
+kedze meme v prijimatelovi ostava, nie je to len transmission, ale replication 
 (tak ako geny, pocitacove virusy alebo crystals)
+memes/genes rozdiel = geny len matka: dieta, memes bwn any two individuals (alebo dokonca
 multiple parenting - takze blizsie k infekciam)

+podmienky uspesnej meme replikacie:
 copying-fidelity        - memes much lower than genes
 fecundity (rychlost)    - memes much higher than genes
 longevity (dlhodobost)
+capacity for meme replication has evolved genetically (pamat je obmedzena geneticky)
+perhaps the most powerful medium for meme transmission is the computer network
+memetic vector = communication medium (medium, method or vehicle for transmission of memes)
+censorship = any attempt to hinder the spread of a meme by eliminating its vectors (casto
 mu tak naopak pomoze)

+ways of expanding meme pool (diversity of memes accessible to culture or individual) =
 learning languages, traveling

+memetic engineering (tiez third culture) = physics of consciousness + memetics
 research + chaos theory + semiotics + culture jamming + military information 
 warfare

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
BOCNE VEDY

+haluzne techniky: software agents, neural networks, data mining, collaborative 
 filtering, groupware, enhance collective problem solving

+learning webs
  +system nodov (=objekty), ktore budu vzajomne prelinkovane
  +linky sa mozu zosilnovat/zoslabovat = ucit podla frekvencie ich pouzivania (a la 
   associative = Hebbian learning v neuronovych sietach)
    +frequency rule: ked sa casto klika na node A na linku k B, zosilni ich vzajomne
     spojenie (A-B)
    +symmetry rule: ked kliknem A-B, zosilni sa tiez, ale uz menej aj B-A
    +transitivity rule: ak sa casto chodi z A do B a z B do C, malo by sa potom dat aj
     priamo z A do C, ak aj casto z C do D, tak mozne priamo A-D atd.. => web efektivnejsi
     => continuous reorganizing of web
    +parametrom v ohodnocovani spajania liniek by mala byt aj "uroven" uzivatela (ak si
     len tak bezo zmyslu niekto klika, system by mal ucenie sa ignorovat)
  +clovek rozmysla v paralelnych asociaciach, bezny internet je zatial len seriovy 
   (okrem search engines, tie su paralelne - ale existuju len ako akysi 
   sprostredkovatelia asociacii = tazkopadne)

+collaborative filtering = social filtering = odporucanie zo skusenosti nie jednotlivcov 
 (potrebujem poslat desat mailov desiatim roznym ludom, ci mam pouzivat unix alebo windows 
 trebars), ale skupiny ludi, ktori maju podobne zaujmy ako ja (uplatnene napr na Amazone)
  +pre kazdeho navstevnika webu si pamatat maticu nul a jednotiek podla toho, ake objekty
   si prezeral, porovnat ju s podobnymi a podla toho, ktore jednotky chybaju mu 
   podstrcit objekty, ktore by ho mohli zaujimat

+collective intelligence - idea, ze skupina (ludi/hmyzu/robotov/sw agentov) je 
 inteligentnejsia ako jej jednotlivi clenovia (napr mravce, termity, vcely, tiez plati
 u firiem, institucii ci sportovych teamov) 
  +pravda, ak skupina najde za rovnaky cas viac alebo lepsie riesenia ako dohromady najdu
   jej jednotlivi clenovia individualne)
  +hierarchicky fungujuca firma je menej efektivna ako kapitanom (ne)riadene futbalove
   muzstvo
  +mravec ci vcela ako jednotlivec je vsetko len nie inteligentny
  +skupiny hmyzu sa spravaju ako self-organizing systems studied in physics and chemistry
  +"invisible hand" in market mechanism funguje, kym centralizovany market caka po istom
   case jasny koniec

+software agent = (typically small) program or script, which can travel to different 
 places and make decisions autonomously, while representing the interests of its user
 +princip netopiera - vysle vela signalov na vsetky smery, vratia sa mu kazdy zmorfovany
  a vyberie si z nich najidealnejsi, tym smerom ide = to robi agent s webmi - vracia
  hodnotu informacnej relevancie k requestu (uzivatel tak nemusi osobne prejst vsetkymi
  webmi, kde bol najdeny ziadany keyword)

+CSCW system (computer-supported cooperative work) & groupware - sikovne na riesenie 
 problemov v mensich skupinach (kedze ked problemy riesi skupina osobne, moze naraz 
 hovorit len jeden, v hierarchii najmensich ani nie je pocut, nie je mozne spracovat 
 vsetky idey..)

+distributed knowledge system - environment in which communities of agents (human and/or 
 computational) interact with networked information resources - interakcia nielen medzi
 clovekom a pocitacom ale aj v ramci ludskej komunity ako aj medzi samotnymi informacnymi
 zdrojmi (c.joslyn)

+symbiotic intelligence - idea, ze inteligencia moze vzniknut aj interakciou medzi 
 zasadne odlisnymi komponentmi - ludia+pocitace) (n.johnson) - ludia budu zit v symbioze 
 so sietou technologickych systemov a mimo nej tak vznikne vyssi level inteligencie

+worldviews
+belgicky filozof Leo Apostel cely zivot pracoval na zostaveni integrujuceho "World View",
 dnes v tom pokracuju dalsi ludia z oblasti engineering, psychiatry, theology, theoretical 
 physics, sociology and biology (tiez research Center Leo Apostel na Free University of
 Brussels)

+theoretical physics = quantum mechanics + relativity theory + thermodynamics..
 +thermodynamics ~ different causes lead to the same effect = the state with maximum 
  entropy = attractor (napr hadzem mincu hocijako, vzdy skonci len lezat bez pohybu na zemi)

+cognitive and systems sciences = cybernetics + Artificial Intelligence + cognitive 
 psychology + self-organization theories..

+metaphysics = theory of essence of things, of fundamental principles that organize universe
  +is supposed to answer the question "what is the nature of reality?" 
  +2 kategorie:
     +ontology = theory of being in itself
     +cosmology = theory describing the origin and structure of the universe

+postmodernists see knowledge as a set of perspectives, where different people have 
 different views, without anyone being "right" or "wrong" (this relativity of knowledge 
 can in part be motivated by epistemological constructivism). When considering culture, 
 they see a plurality of views, concepts, theories, styles, movements, which are competing,
 supporting each other or simply existing side-by-side, without any of them being better 
 or worse than the others. They emphasize fragmentations, discontinuities and chaos, 
 rather than the order, coherence and simplicity characterizing the modernist philosophy

+google.com highlights
 +google zacinal ako akademicky research ("google" lebo 10e100 = "googol" a to sa cita ako
  google), cely kodovany v C a C++ a funguje na systemoch Solaris a Linux
 +ku kazdej stranke ma PageRank = pravdepodobnost pre nahodneho surfera, ze ju 
  navstivi (0..1):
  PR(A) = (1-d) + d (PR(T1)/C(T1) + ... + PR(Tn)/C(Tn)),
  kde d = 0.85, T1..Tn su stranky ukazujuce na A, C(A) je pocet liniek vychadzajucich z A,
  d = damping factor - probability at each page the "random surfer" will get bored and 
  request another random page (teda ze sa cez nu nepreklikne dalej, ale zada novu adresu
  manualne)
   +takze ak na stranku ukazuje nieco ako predna stranka google ci yahoo (tie maju najvyssie 
    PR), tak ma o to vyssi PR - teda sa oplati navstivit ju (kedze na nu tolki ukazuju)
 +ako nazov stranky google neudava jej <title> ale text v <a> ktory na nu z inych stranok
  ukazuje (je to relevantnejsie a daju sa tak pomenovat aj nontext informacie, napr
  obrazky, databazy..)
 +google dava slovam v <b> alebo vo vacsom fonte vyssiu relevanciu ako ostatnym (pri
  urcovani keywordov k tej-ktorej stranke)
 +samotny system vyhladava vo vlastnej databaze, v ktorej ma vsetky potrebne informacie
  o stored weboch (rozmiestnenie slov, kam ukazuju, kto na nich ukazuje..)
    +weby stahuje, indexuje, spracuva (hit list - pozicie slov z lexikonu v dokumente + 
     velkost fontu, kapitalizacia) a komprimuje (pomocou zlib - menej vyrazna kompresia
     ako bzip, ale rychlejsi) do "repository" niekolko distribuovanych web crawlerov
    +system nema nikdy ulozene html-zdrojaky vsetkych webov v databaze, no paralelne na 
     tom pracuje
 +pri multi-word hladani reprezentuje dokument vzdialenost danych slov v ramci jeho nazvu
  resp jeho obsahu (ak ide o slovne spojenie, relevancia je najvyssia; ak sa slova 
  nachadzaju v nazve, je relevancia vyssia ako ked len v samotnom dokumente)


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
koridor.org

+siet objektov sa moze ucit bud ako learning webs (neuronova siet) alebo cez 
 collaborative filtering
+semanticka struktura
  +objekty maju vlastnosti "is a", "has part", "has property" atd


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
GROUPS

//Principia Cybernetica Project (89-) <pcp@vub.ac.be, pespmc1.vub.ac.be = pcp.lanl.gov>
  []heylighen(publisher) +joslyn,turchin(editors) +bollen,riegler(assistants)
    +umpleby,campbell,rosnay,gluck,rocha(associates)
  +international organization for the collaborative development of an evolutionary-systemic 
   philosophy in the context of the transdisciplinary academic fields of Systems Science 
   and Cybernetics
  +european office @ free university of brussels, american @ los alamos national lab (joslyn)
  +assoc: GBG, CLEA, study group on cognitive and social progress, us society for cybernetics

//Global Brain Group (96-) <pespmc1.vub.ac.be/gbrain-l.html>
  []heylighen,goertzel(founders) +rosnay, turchin, russell, mayer-kress, stock, bollen, joslyn
  +discussion group of researchers studying the emergence of a "global brain" from the 
   world-wide computer network, using the metaphor of humanity as a superorganism
  +workshop: From Intelligent Networks to the Global Brain (gb-0.html)
  +publication: papers presented there (gb-0-abs.html)

//CLEA (Center "Leo Apostel") <pespmc1.vub.ac.be/CLEA>
  +transdisciplinary research center @ Free University of Brussels, which aims at the 
   construction of "world views" that integrate the results of the different natural 
   and social sciences and humanities
  +hostuje europsky office PCP
  //Study Group on Cognitive and Social Progress <pespmc1.vub.ac.be/CLEA/Groups/Progress.html>
    []jan bernheim, heylighen (founders)
    +group to study the idea that the quality of life of humanity is a whole is improving

//Distributed Knowledge System Team <www.c3.lanl.gov/cic3/teams/knowledge>
  []joslyn
  +spolupr s CLEA na global brain

//American Society for Cybernetics <www.gwu.edu/~asc>
  +association devoted to the study of cybernetics 
  +kontakt s PCP cez umplebyho

//The Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission (96-) 
  <www.cpm.mmu.ac.uk/jom-emit>
  []hans-cees speel, mario vaneechoutte, bruce edmonds, heylighen (founders)
  +first (electronic) journal on the domain of memetics


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
PEOPLE

//francis heylighen (60.sep.27-) <fheyligh@vub.ac.be>
  @.be/brussels/free university of brussels
  +publisher of PCP, w/ goertzel founder of GBG

//cliff joslyn <joslyn@lanl.gov, www.c3.lanl.gov/~joslyn>
  @.us/los alamos/los alamos national laboratory
  +research interests: Systems Science and Cybernetics, Distributed Knowledge Systems, 
   General Information and Uncertainty Theory, Possibility Theory, and Fuzzy Theory, 
   Semiotic Models of Socio-Technical Organizations, Inductive Modeling for Data Mining,
   Biological Semiotics, Cybernetic Philosophy 
//valentin turchin (31-) <vturchin@bellatlantic.net>
  @.us/new york/city college of new york
  +spolupr najviac s joslynom
  +autor teorie meta-system transition, ai jazyka refal
  +v zssr prenasledovany kgb, zalozil pobocku amnesty international

//ben goertzel (66.dec.8-)
  +w/ heylighen founder of GBG

//johan bollen (71.nov.5-) <www.c3.lanl.gov/~jbollen>
  @.us/los alamos/los alamos national laboratory
//alex riegler
  @.be/brussels/free university of brussels
//stuart umpleby
  @.us/george washington university
//donald t. campbell
  @.us/lehigh university
//joel de rosnay
  @.fr/paris/cite des sciences et technologies
//robert gluck
  @.dk/copenhagen/university of copenhagen
//luis rocha
  @.us/los alamos/los alamos national laboratory


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
LINKS

www.lucifer.com/virus/alt.memetics
  vsetko o memes a memetics
www.cpm.mmu.ac.uk/jom-emit/
  journal of memetics
www.lucifer.com/~sasha/thinkers.html
  list of great thinkers and visionaries on the net
ishi.lanl.gov/symintel.html
  symbiotic intelligence project
home.tvd.be/cr27486/kunstwet.html
  art vs science
pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/indexASC.html
 Web Dictionary of Cybernetics and Systems